Arcadiopolis (Αρκαδιούπολις, modern Lüleburgaz) was a city on the road from Adrianople to Constantinople. It was apparently refounded by Arcadius or Theodosius on the site of Bergoule. As one of the strongholds protecting Constantinople from northern invasions, Arkadiopolis was often subject to hostile attack. Attila seized the city in 441 and Theodoric besieged it in 473; Thomas the Slav retreated to Arkadiopolis after his assault on Constantinople had failed; the Rus’ army reached Arkadiopolis in 970 but was defeated at its walls by Bardas Skleros. The stronghold was an important station on the route of the Third Crusade. Tthe general Alexios Gidos was routed by rebellious Bulgarians and Vlachs in 1194. After the fall of Constantinople in 1204, the civitas Archadiopoli was given to Venice, but the rights to it were disputed, and the city changed hands several times. According to Choniates, it suffered serious destruction, and Villehardouin relates that its inhabitants left the city and sought refuge in Adrianople. According to Kantakouzenos, by his time Arkadiopolis was an ancient city in ruins; he mentions that in 1340 Andronikos III planned to rebuild it.